neutralizing these negative effects during the process of project development. Another threat involves the existence of current industries in marine areas. If these industries appear to lack sufficient space for fishing or production, they will create opposition and, accordingly, significant delays in the realization of projects in which they are not involved in the projects. A further threat is that the absence of a strong, viable business plan will result in the resistance of financial institutions to invest or to make large loans. In conclusion, marine-park projects face strong threats, although there are comparable opportunities to convert these threats into opportunities. For example, although the existence of current industries may be a threat to the realization of a project due to land conflicts, it could also involve opportunities with regard to potential members or partner companies that could become part of the project. 29 4.8 Urgency Urgency refers to the extent to which stakeholders claim immediate attention (time sensitivity). The urgency of the marine-park projects from the perspective of stakeholders was investigated at two levels: (1) the urgency of project implementation for the stakeholders and (2) the urgency of the project from an economic and environmental perspective. The outcome of the study shows that different stakeholder groups experience different levels of urgency (see Figure 6 below). Figure 6: Stakeholder Urgency. Figure 6 shows the urgency of project realization for the stakeholders along a four-point scale (1: ‘in no hurry’, 2: ‘relatively high’, 3: ‘high’, 4: ‘very high’). As shown in the figure, the real drivers of the project development (i.e. the potential future members) are in no hurry with regard to project development. This may affect their activities, leading them to approach project carefully and not accelerate their efforts. This could cause significant delays in project development. In contrast, project designers and developers consider the project urgent. Moreover, because they are aware that the full realization of the Pagina 39

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