naast is er bij de beide SISEW-lijnen tot 1987 een daling waar te nemen, maar is daarna sprake van stijgende welvaart. Conclusies voortkomend uit SISEW-onderzoek en -berekeningen, waarschuwen echter dat deze methode nog niet volledig is en dat sommige kritiek op de index nog onbeantwoord blijft (Bleys, 2007b). Aangeraden wordt dan ook deze index te zien als een stap naar het ontwikkelen van een beter alternatief voor het BBP en van met name verschillende indicatoren waarmee welvaart wordt bepaald. Item Personal Consumption Expenditures Losses from income Inequality Value of Household Work Services from Durable Consumer Goods Public Expenditures on Health and Education Private Expenditures on Health and Education Expenses on Durable Consumer Goods Costs of Commuting 69 Tabel 7: Overzicht variabelen gebruikt voor de Belgische ISEWberekening en de Nederlandse SISEW-berekening. Impact ISEW Rationale 1, 2 or 3 Personal Consumption 1, 2, 3 + Expenditures + + + 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Welfare Effects of Income Inequality Value of Domestic Labour Capital Adjustment Non-Defensive Public Expenditures Methodology From national accounts Atkinson Index (ε=0,8) based on after tax per capita income data (deciles) Time spent on household work valued at the average wage rate of domestic worker 20% of estimated stock of durable consumers goods half of government expenditures on health and education Defensive Private Expenditures half of private expenditures on health and education Capital Adjustment from national accounts Defensive Private Expenditures percentage of private transportation costs that can be attributed directly to commuting activities Defensive Private Expenditures average costs to households of waste processing facilities Defensive Private Expenditures property damage and insurance administration costs of car accidents Costs of Personal Pollution Control Costs of Car Accidents Costs of Water Pollution 1 Environmental Degradation (Direct) Environmental Degradation (Direct) Environmental Degradation (Direct) Natural Capital Depletion rescaled US point estimates for 1972 spread over study period using an index of the quality of surface water for Belgium emissions of different types of air pollution are valued using estimates of the related marginal social costs estimated costs of noise from road traffic cumulative portion of farmland loss attributable to urbanization valued at an estimate of the forgone benefits primary fuel consumption is valued using a replacement cost factor that increases over time Costs of Air Pollution Costs of Noise Pollution Loss of Farmlands Depletion of NonRenewable Resources Costs of Climate Change Costs of Ozone Depletion Net Capital Growth +/- 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Natural Capital Depletion LT Environmental Degradation cumulative carbon dioxide emissions are valued at an estimate of their marginal social costs LT Environmental Degradation cumulative CFC consumption estimates are valued at a fixed estimated unit cost Capital Adjustment 5-year rolling average of the changes in the net capital stock adjusted for fluctuations in the number of people employed 5-year rolling average of the changes in the net international investment position Change in the Net International Position +/- 1, 2 Capital Adjustment Pagina 76
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