technology selection PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE Electricity Generation • ZEM photovoltaic cells with fresnel lens concentrators. • GEK 20KW Power Pallet Storage • 25 kW Samsung Community Energy Storage Electric Vehicles • Storage • AEG Solar inverters of 1-4.7 kWh Heat Generation • • Zen Thermal Collector and heat pump Additional heat pumps recovering heat from showers, greenhouses, and asphalt heat collection system • Water-to-water heat exchangers for cooling. Water & Waste • D-SARR system (composed of various subelements). Food Production • • • • Hydroponic greenhouse Trout and tilapia aquaculture Mushroom production Storage Sure Chill technology • Storage • A 180 liter ZEN SDB Combi Tank and a 200 liter solar boile Transmission • Sunmaxx heat exchangers V4E-Fiwihex Heat Exchanger for floor heating Jetty / Walkways The jetty on the Schoonschip site and the walkway on the De Ceuvel site serve as the infrastructure spines, functioning both as a pedestrian walkway and technological hub. Below the walkway surface, the jetty will contain a Decentralized Sanitation and Resource Recovery System (D-SARR), which will house a combination of black, grey and yellow water treatment facilities. As an output, the D-SARR will produce struvite, fertilizer, biogas, electricity, heat, and safe water effluent (a schematic of the D-SARR can be found on page 35). Public Lighting Lighting in communal areas is activated by proximity and light sensors, switching on lights at the appropriate time of day and in response to human movement. These methods are estimated to save 80% in lighting hours. Philips has interesting lighting options which combine solar radiation collectors with high-efficiency LEDs. Lighting aſter 20:00 or 24:00 can be supplied by lower lumen lights, providing glowing luminescence that uses significantly less energy and is more comfortable to surrounding households. DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGIES Kitchen waste can be collected in micro-scale 200 liter anaerobic digesters (commercially available from Methanogen). The technology recycles kitchen waste into biogas and liquid fertilizer. The product has few moving parts and requires almost no storage. Fertilizer produced in these systems can be used by individual households for their gardens. The digesters can be integrated into the design of the kitchen (under counters) or located in household basements. For refrigeration, cooling is provided by two mechanisms. Two refrigeration options under investigation include a water-to-air heat exchanger and a solar charging unit created by a company called Sure Chill that uses electricity available in peak production times (e.g., daytime solar) to charge a cooling mechanism. COMMUNAL AREAS In the common spaces, asphalt-integrated heat collectors harvest heat from the sun, producing an estimated 900 kWh/m2 annually. Collectors can also be installed into the jetties and walkways, generating additional heat for restaurants, water appliances, and public spaces. They can also serve as a balancing and buffering systems for heat on a neighborhood scale. ELECTRICITY Generation Household electricity needs are primarily generated ZEN photovoltaic cells with attached fresnel lenses. At a quantity of three per household and 30 for the entire community, output varies from a minimum of 450 kWh in the winter to 4.500+ kWh during the summer. Additional electricity is provided by GEKs 20 kW Power Pallet System, which can act as a complimentary buffer for solar generation. One Power Pallet is needed for every ten houseboats. 0.9 tons of dry organic waste per month is needed for an annual power output of 5.421 kWh. The technology requires a 1,5 cubic meter tank for dehydrating and storing organic waste. Retention time of dehydration is normally 30 days, although ventilation improves speed of drying. Our research suggests that commercial small-scale wind is not cost-effective on this small scale, although it can be used for testing purposes, particularly some emerging technologies (further 122 / 146 Pagina 121
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