22 phosphate compounds in detergents and cleaning agents; phosphate compounds in toothpaste. These industrial applications are marginal to insigniï¬cant in determining the need for phosphate rock in the near future, which is mainly driven by global food and biofuel production. Table 3.1: Overview of major phosphate fertilisers. DAP, MAP and TSP are the most commonly used fertilisers. Source: Smil, 2000; villalba et al., 2008. Compound Diammonium phosphate Monoammonium phosphate Triple superphosphate (concentrated superphosphate) Rock phosphate Single superphosphate Dicalcium phosphate Monopotassium phosphate Nitric phosphate and other N-containing phosphate fertilisers Acronym DAP MAP TSP RP SSP DCP MKP often mixtures of DAP and other fertilisers Formula (NH4)2 .HPO4 NH4H2PO4 Ca(H 2PO4)2 Apatite (C10(PO4)6F2 Ca(H 2PO4)2 CaHPO4.2H2O KH2PO4 The acronym MAP is often used for Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (struvite). 3.2 Global fertiliser consumption The gross national phosphorus balances are available for most of the OECD countries: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. As we saw in the previous section, phosphate can be found in many diï¬erent products and half-products, and administration of the net consumption per country is not available. A fair impression of the inorganic phosphate consumption per country can be obtained by using the FAO fertiliser statistics (see FAO, 2009). After all, fertilisers represent, on average, 74% of the total annual phosphate production in the world. The top 30 fertiliser consumers are listed in Table 3.2. The data presented in Table 3.2 gives a rough indication of the fertiliser consumption in 2005. However, it should be stressed that the administrative data presented by the FAO is surrounded by considerable uncertainty and the ï¬gures presented in Table 3.2 should be interpreted with caution. Comparison of the data presented in Table 3.2 with the global fertiliser statistics presented by the IFA (IFA, 2009) for 2005 reveal diï¬erences ranging from 0 to 36% (consumption data). FAO presents the state of the art statistics. For many countries data on non-fertiliser use are lacking and are therefore assumed to be zero. This means that the data follow the assumptions: assumed to be zero. Pagina 31
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