6. Recommen ations d 39 In the final step of this study, recommendations were formulated for project designers, project managers and developers with regard to proper stakeholder management and for the strategic realization of marine parks and other system-innovative projects. From the beginning, it is important to emphasize that the realization of marine parks is a long-term process that exceeds the boundaries of any individual organization, thus changing the relations within a network. The results of system innovations may not emerge until after the key stakeholders or the networks of parties have become involved and after the innovation has passed through the search and learning processes. System innovation will succeed if all involved actors contribute with their own input. Potential stakeholders can include anyone: individuals, groups, neighbours, organizations, institutions, societies, competitors, the media or even potential job applicants (Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Mitchell et al., 1997). The parties who are to be considered as key stakeholders should be selected strategically, however, as should the manner and the timing of their involvement. Our recommendations for the successful realization of marine-park projects are listed in two categories: recommendations for communication and recommendations for project management. Communication 1. Associate the project with climate-change issues, thus gaining the support of political and international organizations. 2. Ensure continued support by regularly engaging the key stakeholders. Pagina 49
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