sides. The demand side can be seen on the right. The central column shows the measures that are required to successfully link the supply and demand sides. These measures are divided into two groups, namely a) government interventions to encourage markets for raw materials from manure and b) the development and financing of production capacity for processing manure into the raw materials that the market wants. The lefthand side of the diagram shows the existing manure market which needs to be connected to the demand side. Manure processing is a separate professional industry in its own right that is strongly related to the processing industry and should by no means be seen as a (derived) agricultural activity. The government has for years been a key player in the manure market, which it effectively created through the imposition of strict regulations on the use of manure38. The existing surplus is a direct consequence of these regulations. Transforming the existing manure market into a situation where manure has a positive economic value requires a systemic innovation that cannot be achieved without the government’s active involvement. Basically, this concerns the creation of the right frameworks and conditions for recycling renewable energy and raw materials from manure, as also witnessed in other sectors: Existing manure market 1. Government intervention Manure usage at own farm land Retreived raw materials Users/ customers Aprox. 50 m tonnes manure Interventions The transformation from manure as waste to manure as valuable raw material is a systemic innovation. The required measures are therefore of an entirely different nature from the environment regulations that form the basis for the current manure market. However, the enforcement of the existing environmental requirements is an important precondition to enable the emergence of new markets for raw materials from manure. The various required actions are set out below. These form a coherent whole and are not a pick-and-choose menu. Given the identified market imperfections, the following market interventions are appropriate: 1. Enforcement and more stringent regulation of the use of manure with monitoring of produced mineral and manure volumes The aim is to ensure that sufficient manure comes onto the market for further processing and valorization. The development of the total manure production and surplus must be continuously monitored to prevent fraud. 38 Traded manure volume aprox. 18 m tonnes Value: aprox. €300 m 2. Production facilities, capacity and know how Cash driven Figure 1: Relationship between the various markets for the demand for raw materials from manure, the supply of manure and the mechanisms required to connect supply and demand. See Visies op Mestmarkt by H. van Grinsven, contribution to theme-based afternoon ‘Naar evenwicht op mestmarkt’, June 2008. 83 Pagina 89
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