design overview: fantasy scenario DESIGN SUMMARY This scenario is where the outer edge of cleantech development intersects with more conventional technologies. Though most of the technologies explored here are in R&D phase or early pilot phase, many could potentially be tested out on smaller scales to complement the conventional technologies described earlier. Here we also begin to envision how the CTP might transition over time from currently available technologies to emerging options. For example, within the planned infrastructure of the CTP, we can imagine how a battery energy storage technology may eventually be replaced by small-scall adiabatic compressed air storage, metalair batteries, or hydrogen, as these options become afFordable. Part of our challenge is to design a system where these technological shiſts are possible without a total reconstruction of the system or its infrastructure. Rather than repeating the core elements already described in the two previous scenarios, here we focus purely on those aspects which can provide added value in combination with the standard set of technologies. KEY FEATURES Some of the broader topic areas that we explore in this scenario are: materials innovation, biological systems integration, and the establishment of a local hydrogen cycle. Materials Innovation Advances in materials science are providing new pathways for clean technologies with promising study results reported in the news almost daily. Some technologies that are potentially interesting to include in the CTP are a variety of Phase Change Materials (PCMs), many of which 134 / 146 are already commercially available for building materials and thermal storage enhancement. Generally speaking, these can reduce the volume needed for heat energy storage (both for insulation and seasonal storage). Other areas of exploration in advanced materials include: new battery technologies, nano-coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, nano-particles for waste treatment, improved solar photovoltaic technologies, and a variety of others. There are also many new material options for building construction: advanced composites for floating pontoons, biological building materials such as mycelium or kenaf bricks, self-healing concrete, and a variety of nano-materials. Biological Integration Biologal systems can do things much faster and using less energy than almost any human technology. We are increasingly harnessing biological organisms to: purify contaminants out of water or soil, produce electricity, mine valuable compounds out of waste water, produce chemicals of interest, and produce light. We are exploring which of these biobased technologies may be possible to integrate into the scenario. On a more macro-scale, this scenario envisions how we can integrate nature into the design of the environment at Schoonschip and de Ceuvel, by including growing plants as part of the infrastructure, for example, terrace covers that are made of trellised, perennial flowering plants, and intensive green roofs with larger growing plant structures. Local Hydrogen Cycle Hydrogen is broadly recognized as one of the ideal fuel sources for the sustainable economy of the future. Hydrogen is one of the most ubiquitous substances on our planet, since it is part of every water molecule. In its pure form, it is highly combustible, and its combustion results only in the release of water vapor. There are several technological challenges to overcome before a widescale hydrogen economy becomes a reality. The large scale production of hydrogen needs to become economically viable, technologies for the safe storage of hydrogen need to be realized, and a hydrogen-supporting infrastructure needs to be developed. Most of these technologies are already in various stages of advancement and key barriers involve efficiency and cost. The idea of a neighborhood where hydrogen is the primary energy currency may seem far-fetched, but there are already many commercially available hydrogen technologies, both for generation as well as storage. An added benefit of hydrogen is that it is a useful common denominator for the diverse sources of energy that we anticipate having on the site. FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY Though most of these technologies are not financially or operationally feasible on a broad scale, there are many opportunities to install pilot scale technologies on a site of this relatively small size. It might be possible to do this at low cost if technology providers are still looking for sources of data and usability studies. The operational management of these technologies may also be complex, but this is something that needs to be evaluated on a per technology basis. Pagina 133
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