lection and distribution and service point. The water-to-water heat exchangers will be self-made using either insulated PEX or copper coils, depending on the application. Due to the high degree of insulation and controlled airflow in passive houses, an excess of 80% efficiency in recapturing waste heat is possible. The central direct air/water postheater elements are located on the building services floor and heat up the supply air aſter the ventilation unit, when necessary. The element used is a “hot water postheater radiator WHR 125“ from the Helios, built directly into the ventilation duct and with an output of 1.100 Watt (specifications at 0°C supply air temperature, supply/return water temperatures of 60/40 °C). The system is designed so that the maximum air temperature at the postheater does not exceed 55 °C, in order to avoid dust pyrolysis. The control for the postheater occurs over a vent with battery operated drive mechanism. A central room thermostat, located on the ground floor, controls the motorized vent. The room thermostat controls the room temperature centrally for the entire house (one zone). The solar thermal system consists of a ca. 4 m2 flat collector field on the southern roof, a control unit, the expansion vessel as well as the heat exchanger in the lower part of the hot water tank. It functions as an independent system with an anti-freeze liquid filled closed circuit. Under sufficient solar radiation, the control unit activates the pump. Due to the placement of the heat exchanger in the lower part of the water tank, it can be completely heated from below. WATER Collection & storage Rainwater collection systems will be installed on roofs of buildings and the jetty. Rainwater can be used for flushes and fed into plant irrigation systems. Water efficiency Aerators are be installed on all faucets and shower, and toilets retrofitted with flapper valves for dual-flush, or with a container in water tank for low-flush modification. All water fixtures equipped with sensitive control valves and flow-volume options. Showers and faucets should not exceed a flow rate of 6 Lpm, while toilets should use no more than 3.6 Lpf. Purification Greywater from showers and sinks can be used for flushing. Greywater treatment will be implemented using self-built mechanical, bio and reed filtration systems. Reed filtration at the household scale would range between 5 – 10 square meters. Secondary treatment through charcoal and bio filtration is possible, allowing greywater to be used for showering and washing, decreasing water use by over 70%. Self-built filtration systems may not meet regulation standards, and a commercial water treatment system might be required for this purpose. WASTE Solid Kitchen waste dispensed into self-built vermiculture or anaerobic composting system. Liquid It is possible to install a self-built urine separating toilet by retrofitting standard toilets. This is still under investigation. FOOD Production Self built hydroponics / aquaponics systems utilizing rainwater irrigation and nutrient re-use from compost systems, as well as onsite algae fertilizer production. Processing A bulk cold storage system will be designed either in one centrally located site, or several dispersed locations, for residents to share food storage space, and thereby enabling bulk / shared purchasing to reduce overall food costs. 132 / 146 Pagina 131
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