Beyond Monoculture V.2 pasture land.3 Our need for agricultural output is estimated to double by 2050. At our current efficiency of production, not enough land remains in order match that need. • Deforestation associated with agriculture4 and the chain of activities involved in the production and consumption of livestock5 are each individually responsible for higher greenhouse gas emissions than the transport sector, which contributes to around 18% of emissions globally. Two-thirds of global freshwater withdrawals are used for irrigation.6 Fifteen to 35% of withdrawals deplete water tables faster than they are naturally replenished.7 Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has contributed to the pollution of many water sources, causing both water toxicity and eutrophication (excess nutrients in water, leading to algal blooms and low oxygen conditions). • • 3 FAO Staff (1995). FAO Production Yearbook 1994 (Volume 48 ed.). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 4 Watson, R. T., Noble, I. R., Bolin, B., Ravindranath, N.H., Verardo, D. J., & Dokken, D. J. (2000). Landuse, land-use change, and forestry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5 Steinfeld, Henning et al., 2006. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options, U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. 6 U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, Aquastat. http:// www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use/index.stm 7 World Business Council on Sustainable Development. 2009. Water, version 2. Facts and Trends. Polydome: High Performance Polyculture Systems 13 Pagina 12
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