Separation yields a liquid fraction with a high inorganic nitrogen and potassium content. The solid fraction has a high organic matter and phosphorus and organic nitrogen content. The solid fraction has proven to have export potential to other regions and countries. The liquid fraction can be used close to the production site i.e. within a radius of 30 km. 49 5. Phosphate recovery Phosphate recovery from animal manure and sewage sludge opens up the prospect of removing phosphate from the agricultural sector. Several initiatives to recover phosphate are currently in place. These processes include: struvite and dicalciumphosphate production from wastewater treatment plants; struvite production from manure and other biosolids, including the liquid and solid phase of manure; biochar production by pyrolysis of animal manure and other biosolids; phosphate recovery from ash after incinerating manure and composted sewage sludge. Phosphate recovery leads to national phosphate recycling and presents opportunities to export phosphate abroad. Phosphate recovery is a key topic of current research. A large number of projects are or have been carried out (e.g. RüPhAK, PASCH, MAPAK, EntPAK, DEUS21, BayPAK, SUSAN, REPHOMASTER, PHOSIEDI, PhoBE, REM-NUT etc.27). 27 6.3 Phosphate sources in the Netherlands Most of the household and industrial waste in the Netherlands is re-used. In 2005, 60.4 Tg waste was produced of which 83.4% was reused, 11.9% was incinerated, 3.7% was stored in controlled dumps, and 1.1% was discharged to surface water and groundwater (Compendium voor de Leefomgeving, 201028). Waste reuse has been fairly stable since 2000. Ash from incineration is a potential source of phosphate. Ash is contaminated with heavy metals and organic contaminants which is currently an obstacle to its complete reuse. Ash is used in the cement industry, road construction, and the brick industry etc. Information on the phosphate content of this ash and its reallocation to diï¬erent kinds of reuse is incomplete. Data are therefore not yet available. Sources for phosphorus recycling in the Netherlands are: animal manure by-products of food production (plant by-products) animal by-products For an overview the reader is referred to http://www.phosphorusrecovery.tu-darmstadt.de/. 28 Compendium voor de Leefomgeving, 2010. Afvalproductie en wijze van verwerking, 1985-2007. http://www.compendiumvoordeleefomgeving.nl/indicatoren/. Pagina 58
Pagina 60Interactieve internet relatiemagazine, deze magazine of catalogus is levensecht online geplaatst met Online Touch en bied het naar een digitale publicatie omzetten van digi edities.
458 Lees publicatie 159Home