34 The bulk of the total net consumption of phosphate in the Netherlands is not so much related to consumption of phosphate fertilisers, but to the import of animal feed. This is typical for a few countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark, that produce huge quantities of meat, poultry and dairy produce relative to the amount of agricultural land available. These countries are dependent on the import of substantial amounts of animal feed from abroad to feed their livestock and poultry. Total agricultural production in the Netherlands (i.e. in crops, animal products, animal feed and surplus manure) represents some 123 700 t P2O5 in 2005. Taking the export of food (16 000 t P2O5), animal feed and surplus manure (43 500 t P2O5) into account, it is calculated that the phosphate used for the production of food for domestic consumption amounts to some 64 200 t P2O5. Besides the phosphate used for agricultural production, on balance around 34 400 t P2O5 is used for other purposes including detergents, food additives, fireworks etc. (Table 5.2). Detailed information on the import and export of these commodities is available for the Netherlands on CBS statline (http://statline.cbs.nl/statweb/). The phosphate consumed in 2005 accumulated in various natural compartments including agricultural and non-agricultural soils as well as surface water (see Annex I). Most of the phosphate accumulated in the top layer of agricultural soils (77 900 t P2O5) and other soils including gardens, parks, roadsides and allotments (39 000 t P2O5). The largest sink of phosphate in the Netherlands is the agricultural soils, where on average 40% of all phosphate consumed accumulates as less available forms of phosphate. The accumulation of phosphate in these soils is discussed in more detail in section 5.4. A small fraction accumulates in surface water, which is a result of phosphate run-off from agricultural land as well as phosphate discharged to the surface water by waste water treatment plants. A part of this is again removed by dredging. On balance 9 2000 t P2O5 accumulated in the surface water compartment in 2005 (see Annex I). Furthermore, there were no losses from the surface water compartment to the major rivers and North Sea (Annex I) Table 5.1: Overview of the import, export and net consumption of phosphate in the Netherlands in 2005 (from CBS/ Statline, 2009a). See also Annex I. Import Food Animal feed tons P2O5 169 600 142 100 Export Food Animal feed & Manure Phosphate rock, fertilisers & other TOTAL tons P2O5 185 600 43 500 Phosphate rock, fertilisers & other TOTAL 748 300 648 100 1060 000 877 100 Balance Net food export Net consumption of animal feed Net consumption of fertilisers & other TOTAL tons P2O5 -16 000 98 600 100 200 182 900 The remaining fraction of the phosphate consumption in 2005 (57 300 t P2O5) accumulated in the solid waste compartment – both as organic and inorganic waste -, as well as in other commodities (see Annex I). During waste water treatment, the bulk of the phosphate is Pagina 43

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