4 Economic/Environmental: elevated phosphate prices have increased the economic feasibility of different forms of phosphate recycling. Environmental: The need to balance inputs and outputs (soil balance) to reduce nutrient losses to surface water and groundwater in order to meet EU water quality targets. Various options for reducing losses and further recycling have been reviewed in the previous sections. The effective options for the short term are: 1. The most significant reduction in phosphate consumption and subsequent reduction of losses can and will be achieved in the Dutch agricultural sector, which is responsible for the bulk of the net Dutch phosphate consumption and around 40% of the total phosphate losses. Reducing the agricultural consumption of phosphate is already enforced through the Fertilisers Act 2006. This has a major effect. Compared to 2005 the newly implemented phosphate use standards will lead to a reduction in phosphate use from manures and fertilisers of 30-40% (i.e. 71-95 Gg P2O5 per annum). 2. Reduction of phosphate contents of animal feed and improving its availability (e.g. using biorefinery), the production of fertiliser from manure and an increased export of manure will lead to a reduction in P-input of 20 – 30 Gg P2O5 per annum. 3. Phosphate loss can be diminished by using an alternative approach of phosphate removal from urban and industrial waste water, e.g. by using aluminium salts. Phosphate precipitated in the sewage sludge can then be used as raw phosphate ore for the production of fertiliser. In that way 18 Gg P2O5 per annum can be recycled. 4. In-row placement of phosphate fertilisers. It is estimated that this can reduce P input by 10 Gg P2O5 per annum. The different measures to reduce inputs and losses result in total annual savings of 119 to 153 Gg P2O5. This shows that by a combination of different measures the P-balance of the Netherlands can be substantially improved to meet future challenges of geo-political, economical and environmental nature. Pagina 13

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