SI realization phases Stakeholders 1.1.Project designers 1.2. Project developers 2. National, regional and local governments 3. Potential member companies Energy companies Seaweed, seafood producers Construction and technological companies End product users < EUR 500 000 >EUR 500 000 Initia ion t  x Develop ment x x x Re invention x x Implemen tation Comple ion t x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4. Financial institutions 5. Knowledge institutes x x x x x x x 6. Environmental organizations As shown in this table, different groups of stakeholders are involved in each of the five realization phases. For example, project designers, developers, knowledge institutes and environmental organizations are involved in the initiation phase, but not in the completion phase. Nonetheless, almost all potential member companies and partners should be involved in the entire process of realizing system innovation. In addition to the optimal involvement of the stakeholders, it is important to determine the extent to which the involvement of stakeholders should progress, as well as why and how it should progress. For example, the involvement of environmental organizations in the initiation phase is useful in terms of both avoiding further opposition and utilizing their current time and personnel resources for research. The involvement of the governmental agencies in the development and implementation of projects could result in legal permission to start the project, as well as possible opportunities for subsidies. Finally, it is crucial to avoid ignoring key stakeholders and overestimating non-crucial stakeholders. Doing so could create the impression that the stakes and importance of one stakeholder are weighted more heavily than others are. In summary, the processes involved in the realization processes of various system-innovative projects related to issues of sustainability are likely to meet stakeholder resistance. Inappropriate communication, faulty timing with regard to stakeholder involvement and improper management may lead to severe opposition. The strategic involvement of key stakeholders – at the right moment and through carefully selected communication channels – is an essential part of ecosystembased management. Table 4: Stakeholder Involvement in Different Phases of the Project. Pagina 43

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