6 combination of different sectors enables synergy and the efficient use of space. For example, seaweed cultivation can have positive environmental impact, including the uptake of nutrients from fish production by the seaweed and the enhancement of marine biodiversity. The seaweed and the cultivation systems offer substrate for attachment, shelter and feed for molluscs and fish. The system can even be managed as a nursery for young fish in order to restore fish population in the North Sea. During these years, the concept has taken various different formats, and it has been discussed with various societal groups. The project is nonetheless still in the conceptual stage, and it has yet not been developed or implemented. Examples of marine-park designs under the discussion include BioQ8, Sea-Spar-Star, North Sea Fish Platform, Almare, Amalia Wind park and Seaweeds in the Closed System (ZIGS). These projects entail innovation in aquaculture business, and they are characterized by a high level of uncertainty starting in the early stages of development, when upcoming challenges are very difficult to foresee (Chiesa et al., 2009; OâConnor, 2008). Marine parks involve system innovation, the development of which is a long-term process that extends beyond the boundaries of individual organizations, thereby changing the relations within a network. The results of system innovations usually do not emerge until after the stakeholders or the network of involved parties have been formed and after the innovation has passed through the search and learning processes. System innovations succeed when all involved actors contribute with their own inputs. In general, system innovations that involve key stakeholders are the most effective. Nevertheless, many interrelated factors may hinder the development and implementation of system innovation, which requires changes in the outside world. Stakeholder failure is one factor that can lead to the failure of system innovation. The satisfaction of key stakeholders is a central issue in strategic management, as the accomplishment of the company mission depends upon it. This study analyses the stakeholders of marine parks as cluster and as system innovation. The outcomes of the research include strategy recommendations and learning points for project designers and project developers with regard to the further effective implementation of projects and proper stakeholder management. 1.2 Research Objective The aim of this research is to generate insight into the potential impact of stakeholders on the realization of marine-park projects as system innovation. The objective of this research is to determine the potential impact of the stakeholders on processes involved in the realization of marine-park projects by identifying and analysing the key stakeholders. Pagina 16
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