Bijlage 5: Windhoek (Namibië) 59 Windhoek, situated in the center of Namibia, one of the most arid countries in Africa, with perennial rivers in excess of 500 km to the North or South, mainly depends on water supply from boreholes and three surface dams in ephemeral rivers some 60 to 200 km away. Water shortages from these supplies prompted the city to look for alternatives to augment the water supply. The first reclamation plant started to operate in 1968 with a capacity of 4,800 m3/d. Since then the reclamation process has undergone various changes of improve ment. In September 2002 the New Goreangab Reclamation Plant (NGRP) was commissioned having a 21,000 m3/day capacity. The old plant is now treating effluents for irrigation of parks and sports fields. Design criteria and process selection are a rigorous process and demand a multidisciplinary team approach. Monitoring of the total water cycle for operational control and health requirements are an integral part of the reclamation and reuse scheme. The practical experience at Windhoek demonstrates that a direct wastewater reclamation system can be a practical, responsible way of augmenting potable water supplies in arid regions, but it requires comprehensive planning, training and on-going commitment for its continued success. (Haarhoff and van der Merwe, 1995). A dry country with low and irregular rainfall, extended periods of drought and mainly dependant on underground resources and surface dams in ephemeral rivers is very vulnerable. Pagina 66
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