de ceuvel: phase II 1 wastewater & organic waste ing (as described in the phase one section of the deployment plan). One centralized set of flush toilets will be located on the eastern parcel of the site. These will be urine separating toilets, which have separate collection of urine and solid waste. Urine separating toilets allow for the use of much lower quantities of water in the flushing process, reducing the total required volume of the digester. They use only 2,6 liters for a solid flush and 0,2 liters for urine. These two wastewater streams are collected separately and taken through different treatment processes for optimal nutrient recovery. There are several types of organic waste that will be generated on the de Ceuvel site, including wastes suspended in wastewater, kitchen scraps, and green wastes from food production and landscaping. Within the CTP plan, a primary objective is to recover as much of the calorific value and nutrients from these waste streams as possible. WASTEWATER COLLECTION To avoid the costs and impacts of the installation of unnecessary infrastructure on the de Ceuvel site, we have recommended that all the toilets in the individual houseboats be dry toilets which do not require any water for flushOn the houseboat level, all discharged grey water will be treated with a simple sand filtration and upgrade step before being safely dischared to the landscape. KITCHEN SCRAPS AND GREEN WASTES Kitchen scraps and green wastes will be collected mannually by users of the de Ceuvel site in organic waste collection bins. Some of this material can be composted in small scale aerobic vermiculture composters, which will produce nutrient-rich material for direct use in landscaping or on-site agriculture. The excess organic wastes can be macerated and fed into the anaerobic digester unit that will be treating the wastewater produced on site. D-SARR SYSTEM The whole wastewater and organic waste utilization system we have designed for the de Ceuvel site is called D-SARR. The D-SARR system is a modular digester and resource recovery system which is designed to be low-tech and expandible if more capacity is needed (for example, if more people begin using the site). It can also all be placed in one location or its individual components can be distributed across the site as necessary. The D-SARR contains the following elements: • • • • • • • • vacuum collection of wastes from the centralized urine-diverting toilets feces pasteurizer organic waste macerator anaerobic digestion system for the recovery of biogas and fertilizer struvite reactor for phosphorus recovery from urine N-removal or recovery installation vertical flow reedbed filtration system • water upgrade (UV irradiation, mineralization, soſtening control and quality management system Because each unit is in a separate contained module, the whole system can be expanded if necessary, and quality control steps can be introduced at each valve to ensure that waste flows are sufficiently treated. A schematic of the D-SARR can be found on the following page. The D-SARR system will be equipped with its own control system. This largely DIY system will run on Arduino chips connected to sensors. To avoid system failures, any element of the D-SARR which appears to be underperforming will be flagged with an alert. The valves to the flagged unit will be safely shut down and The resources recovered from the D-SARR include: • • • • clean water effluent which can be safely dischared or upgraded to drinking water biogas liquid fertilizers purified chemical fertilizers The feces will be digested anaerobically to ensure that pathogens are destroyed and that the outgoing effluent is safe and can be cascaded to the next unit of the D-SARR for better nutrient recovery. Because the safety of effluent can vary depending on inputs to the system, we advise installing monitoring equipment to analyse and showcase the effluent quality at all times. A final sand filtration step is equipped with an overflow chamber, allowing water to be directly discharged to the ground aſter traveling through the entire system. It is very important to ensure that no chemicals are used in kitchens on site or thrown into the toilets, otherwise additional pre- or post- treatment steps, such as reverse osmosis, would need to be taken to avoid ground water pollution. Pagina 50
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