110 biogas, electricity and clean water. It starts with the daily and separate removal of the manure from the stalls. This reduces the release of ammonia and other harmful substances, leading to a much more agreeable stall climate for the animals and the farmer. The CO2, water vapour and body heat produced by the animals are fed, together with the ammonia emissions in the stalls, through a reactor and used for algae cultivation. The removed, partially dehydrated manure, goes to a central fermenter for the production of biogas and electricity in a CHP facility. The thin manure fraction and the treated digestate yield the minerals (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) required for algae cultivation. The pre-cultivation of the algae is carried out in a closed bioreactor, with the further growing process taking place in an open pond (hybrid cultivation). The algae serve as a partial substitute for soy pellets and fish oil in the animal feed, but can also be used as a source for medicines or food supplements. The health-promoting substances (such as omega 3 fatty acids) in the algae and the healthier stall climate improve the animals’ overall condition and well-being – so that less antibiotics are necessary. The ECOFERM! concept breaks with current pig farming practices in certain essential areas. It leads to better animal well-being and health while limiting the usage of antibiotics, providing a substitute for soy and fish oil, and reducing harmful emissions by closing cycles. Utilization of waste flows Pigs use feed, water and oxygen to make meat. This involves tremendous ‘losses’ in the form of manure, urine, heat, water vapour, ammonia and CO2. A pig being fattened from 25 kg to 115 kg eats an average of 245 kg of (dry) feed, drinks 540 litres of water and inhales about 192 kg of oxygen from the combustion air. So a total of 977 kg of fuel, water and oxygen is ingested for burning. In this period the pig produces 90 kg of meat, over 445 kg of manure and urine, 210 kg of CO2 , 230 kg of H2 O, 2 kg of NH3 and 505 kWh of low-grade (body) heat. Manure and urine are spread – against payment (it is, after all, waste) – over the fields and meadows (sometimes after fermentation) and the water vapour, ammonia, CO2 and heat disappear with the aid of ventilators into the outside air. Central to ECOFERM! is the aim to turn these residual waste flows into feed that replaces imported feed, thereby closing the cycles near the farm insofar as possible. Pagina 118
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